How to Install Ubuntu inside Windows using VirtualBox

The first thing you have to do is obtain VirtualBox. Visit the VirtualBox website's download page.

Follow these instructions to get a Ubuntu disk image (.iso file).

After you launch VirtualBox from the Windows Start menu, click on New to create a new virtual machine. When the New Virtual Machine Wizard appears, click Next.

You can call the machine whatever you want. If you're installing Ubuntu, it makes sense to call it Ubuntu, I guess. You should also specify that the operating system is Linux.

VirtualBox will try to guess how much of your memory (or RAM) to allocate for the virtual machine. If you have 1 GB or less of RAM, I would advise you stick with the recommendation. If, however, you have over 1 GB, about a quarter your RAM or less should be fine. For example, if you have 2 GB of RAM, 512 MB is fine to allocate. If you have 4 GB of RAM, 1 GB is fine to allocate. If you have no idea what RAM is or how much of it you have, just go with the default.

Click Next.

If this is your first time using VirtualBox (which it probably is if you need a tutorial on how to use it), then you do want to Create new hard disk and then click Next.

Click Next again.

Theoretically, a dynamically expanding virtual hard drive is best, because it'll take up only what you actually use. I have come upon weird situations, though, when installing new software in a virtualized Ubuntu, in which the virtual hard drive just fills up instead of expanding. So I would actually recommend picking a Fixed-size storage.

Ubuntu's default installation is less than 4 GB. If you plan on adding software or downloading large files in your virtualized UBuntu, you should tack on some buffer.

Click Finish and wait for the virtual hard drive to be created. This is actually just a very large file that lives inside of your Windows installation.

Click Finish

The next thing to do to make the (currently blank) virtual hard drive useful is to add the downloaded Ubuntu disk image (the .iso) boot on your virtual machine. Click on Settingsand Storage. Then, under CD/DVD Device, next to Empty, you'll see a little folder icon. Click that, and you can select the Ubuntu .iso you downloaded earlier.

Once you've selected it, click OK.

Then double-click your virtual machine to start it up.

Once it's started up, just follow the regular installation procedure as if you were installing Ubuntu on a real hard drive (instead of a virtual one).

Afterwards, in order to use your virtualized installation (instead of continually booting the live CD), you have to change the CD/DVD Device entry to be Empty again.

Tq http://www.psychocats.net

How to install Google Chrome on Ubuntu 11.04

Installing Google Chrome on Ubuntu 11.04

Google Chrome can be installed in many ways, on Ubuntu 11.04. Here I’ll explain few simple methods. You can also install Chromium (almost similar to Google Chrome), it is available in Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic Package Manager. Just follow the steps -

step #1 : Go to its official website and download the Debian Package. Google Chrome version 10.x.* is the latest one.

Download the Google Chrome for Ubuntu 11.04

step #2 : Open the saved file with Ubuntu Software Center (Right Click on the Package, then select Open With USC; click on install Button to proceed) or Use the dpkg command to install the package. To install from the command line, type the command given below and enter your login password to proceed.

sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb

step #3 : That’s all.. No more steps.. Enjoy surfing with Chrome.

How to Install Ubuntu Netbook Edition with Wubi Installer

Ubuntu is one of the most popular versions of Linux, and their Netbook Remix edition is especially attractive for netbook owners. Here we’ll look at how you can easily try out Ubuntu on your netbook without a CD/DVD drive.

Netbooks, along with the growing number of thin, full powered laptops, lack a CD/DVD drive. Installing software isn’t much of a problem since most programs, whether free or for-pay, are available for download. Operating systems, however, are usually installed from a disk. You can easily install Windows 7 from a flash drive with our tutorial, but installing Ubuntu from a USB flash drive is more complicated. However, using Wubi, a Windows installer for Ubuntu, you can easily install it directly on your netbook and even uninstall it with only a few clicks.

Getting Started

Download and run the Wubi installer for Ubuntu (link below). In the installer, select the drive you where you wish to install Ubuntu, the size of the installation (this is the amount dedicated to Ubuntu; under 20Gb should be fine), language, username, and desired password. Also, from the Desktop environment menu, select Ubuntu Netbook to install the netbook edition. Click Install when your settings are correct.

Wubi will automatically download the selected version of Ubuntu and install it on your computer.

Windows Firewall may ask if you want to unblock Wubi; select your network and click Allow access.

The download will take around an hour on broadband, depending on your internet connection speed. Once the download is completed, it will automatically install to your computer. If you’d prefer to have everything downloaded before you start the install, download the ISO of Ubuntu Netbook edition (link below) and save it in the same folder as Wubi.

Then, when you run Wubi, select the netbook edition as before and click Install. Wubi will verify that your download is valid, and will then proceed to install from the downloaded ISO. This install will only take about 10 minutes.

Once the install is finished you will be asked to reboot your computer. Save anything else you’re working on, and then reboot to finish setting up Ubuntu on your netbook.

When your computer reboots, select Ubuntu at the boot screen. Wubi leaves the default OS as Windows 7, so if you don’t select anything it will boot into Windows 7 after a few seconds.

Ubuntu will automatically finish the install when you boot into it the first time. This took about 12 minutes in our test.

When the setup is finished, your netbook will reboot one more time. Remember again to select Ubuntu at the boot screen. You’ll then see a second boot screen; press your Enter key to select the default.

Ubuntu only took less than a minute to boot in our test. When you see the login screen, select your name and enter your password you setup in Wubi. Now you’re ready to start exploring Ubuntu Netbook Remix.

Using Ubuntu Netbook Remix

Ubuntu Netbook Remix offers a simple, full-screen interface to take the best advantage of netbooks’ small screens. Pre-installed applications are displayed in the application launcher, and are organized by category. Click once to open an application.

The first screen on the application launcher shows your favorite programs. If you’d like to add another application to the favorites pane, click the plus sign beside its icon.

Your files from Windows are still accessible from Ubuntu Netbook Remix. From the home screen, select Files & Folders on the left menu, and then click the icon that says something like 100GB Filesystem under the Volumes section.

Now you’ll be able to see all of your files from Windows. Your user files such as documents, music, and pictures should be located in Documents and Settings in a folder with your user name.

You can also easily install a variety of free applications via the Software Installer.

Connecting to the internet is also easy, as Ubuntu Netbook Remix automatically recognized the WiFi adaptor on our test netbook, a Samsung N150. To connect to a wireless network, click the wireless icon on the top right of the screen and select the network’s name from the list.

And, if you’d like to customize your screen, right-click on the application launcher and selectChange desktop background.

Choose a background picture you’d like.

Now you’ll see it through your application launcher. Nice!

Most applications are opened full-screen. You can close them by clicking the x on the right of the program’s name.

You can also switch to other applications from their icons on the top left. Open the home screen by clicking the Ubuntu logo in the far left.

Changing Boot Options

By default, Wubi will leave Windows as the default operating system, and will give you 10 seconds at boot to choose to boot into Ubuntu. To change this, boot into Windows and enter Advanced system settings in your start menu search.

In this dialog, click Settings under Startup and Recovery.

From this dialog, you can select the default operating system and the time to display list of operating systems. You can enter a lower number to make the boot screen appear for less time.

And if you’d rather make Ubuntu the default operating system, select it from the drop-down list.

Uninstalling Ubuntu Netbook Remix

If you decide you don’t want to keep Ubuntu Netbook Remix on your computer, you can uninstall it just like you uninstall any normal application. Boot your computer into Windows, open Control Panel, click Uninstall a Program, and enter ubuntu in the search box. Select it, and click Uninstall.

Click Uninstall at the prompt. Ubuntu uninstalls very quickly, and removes the entry from the bootloader as well, so your computer is just like it was before you installed it.

Conclusion

Ubuntu Netbook Remix offers an attractive Linux interface for netbooks. We enjoyed trying it out, and found it much more user-friendly than most Linux distros. And with the Wubi installer, you can install it risk-free and try it out on your netbook. Or, if you’d like to try out another alternate netbook operating system, check out our article on Jolicloud, another new OS for netbooks.

Links

Download Wubi Installer for Windows

Download Ubuntu Netbook Edition

Tq http://www.howtogeek.com

How to Universal USB Installer – Easy as 1 2 3

Universal USB Installer is a Live Linux USB Creatorthat allows you to choose from a selection of Linux Distributions to put on your USB Flash Drive. The Universal USB Installer is easy to use. Simply choose a Live Linux Distribution, the ISO file, your Flash Drive and, Click Install. Other features include; Persistence (if available), and the ability to fat32 format the flash drive (recommended) to ensure a clean install. Upon completion, you should have a ready to run bootable USB Flash Drive with your select Linux version installed.

Universal USB Installer (UUI) Screenshots

Universal-USB-Installer-1.8.6.3.exe – September 7, 2011 – Changes

Updated to use newer syslinux for UBCD, Added Leenux, Uberstudent, and OpenSUSE 11.4 LXDE entries.

Universal-USB-Installer-1.8.6.3.exeSource Code

Tq http://www.pendrivelinux.com

How to Setting Up a SNMP Server and Cacti in Ubuntu

What is net-snmp ?

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a widely used protocol for monitoring the health and welfare of network equipment (eg. routers), computer equipment and even devices like UPSs. Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMP v1, SNMP v2c and SNMP v3 using both IPv4 and IPv6.

Cacti on the other hand is a frontend to the RRDTool with SNMP support. It collects and keep data in a MySQL database and display them through a PHP web frontend.

SNMPD

SNMPD is the service running SNMP on a managed entity. SNMP comes in 3 versions. Version 1, the one we are going to use here is not secured, therefore we are going to make sure that only localhost is going to be able to access it.

People opening the service to the outside should make sure that trusted hosts can access the service either though the use of iptables or through the use of /etc/hosts.allow.

Installing The SNMP Server

The only package which is required on the server site is snmpd, the SNMP daemon.

To install it type:

$ sudo apt-get install snmpd

snmpd is now installed but we still have to tweak it a little bit to make it work as we want.

Configuring SNMPD

The first thing we want to make sure is that snmpd is only going to wait for connections on localhost. To do this, edit file /etc/default/snmpd and make sure those values are set:

SNMPDRUN=yes

SNMPDOPTS='-Lsd -Lf /dev/null -u snmp -I -smux -p /var/run/snmpd.pid 127.0.0.1'

If you want your server to listen on all interfaces, remove the 127.0.0.1 bit.

This setting will make sure that the service will be started and that the service is going to bind to localhost.

Finally, we are going to configure snmpd in such a way that it will only return datas to trusted host for a specific community.

Edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf and make sure that com2sec it only set to:

com2sec readonly localhost mycommunity

If you want a remote machine to be able to gather information for the community mycommunity, make sure you replace localhost by mynetwork, where mynetwork can be of the form: 1.1.1.1 or 1.1.0.0/16.

Checking SNMP Configuration:

We are going to use the snmpwalk utility to verify that the server is working as wanted.

Here we want snmp to reply only to localhost for the community mycommunity.

From localhost

# Restart snmpd to load de new config #####

$ sudo /etc/init.d/snmpd restart


# Test the SNMP Server #####

$ sudo apt-get install snmp

$ snmpwalk -Os -c mycommunity -v 1 localhost system

Should return a lot of output and:

snmpwalk -Os -c public -v 1 localhost system

Timeout: No Response from localhost

If the second command returns result, it might be because you did not comment the line starting with com2sec.

Installing Cacti

Cacti displays system statistics through a PHP/MySQL web interface.

To gather informations, it runs a script which is going to poll the servers you registered in cacti: /usr/share/cacti/site/poller.php.

So, let's get started an install cacti.

Installing Cacti Packages And Dependencies

# apt-get install mysql-server apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mysql php5-cli php5-snmp
# apt-get install cacti

Note: because I am using php5, I had to install all the required php5-xx packages before I installed cacti. If you don't install those first, cacti will fall back to apache2 with php4.

While installing cacti, you are going to be asked a few question, answer as follow:

configuring libphp-adodb
-> press ok
configuring cacti
configure database for cacti with dbconfig-common
-> press yes
password of your database's administrative user
-> mysql root password (empty by default, fill accordingly)
mysql application password for cacti
-> give the password you would like cacti to connect to mysql with
webserver type
-> Apache2

Now, cacti is installed, let's configure it:

Configuring Cacti

Now, cacti is installed as well as its database. We still need through a few configuration screens before we can start adding servers to monitor.

Let's go to http://your-manager-server.ip/cacti/

• Click next to the first screen
• Select new install and check that the found informations are correct
• Check that everything is [FOUND]
• Click Finish

Finally, you should be landing on the login page. Log in with username: admin and password: admin. The next screen will force you to change your password.

On the first login, the default account is admin with password admin

Voila, our manager is up and running, the last step is to create new Devices (adding new hosts to our manager).

Enjoy ubuntu.... ;)

Tq http://www.debuntu.org

How to Setup a DNS Server in Ubuntu Server 10.04

• Ubuntu Server 10.04, the DNS server – 10.1.1.2 (hostname=dns)
• Ubuntu Server 10.04, the WEB server – 10.1.1.10 (hostname=web)

Instructions

1. Install the DNS server, we need to install Bind 9.

sudo apt-get install bind9

2. Configure Bind. We need to touch 5 files.

We will edit 3 files.

• /etc/bind/named.conf.local
• /etc/bind/named.conf.options
• /etc/resolv.conf

We will create 2 files.

• /etc/bind/zones/mydomain.com.db
• /etc/bind/zones/rev.1.1.10.in-addr.arpa

Domain zone – kunkun.my

sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local

# Domain zone

zone "kunkun.my" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/zones/kunkun.my.db";

};

# Reverse DNS

zone "1.1.10.in-addr.arpa" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.1.1.10.in-addr.arpa";

};

Save file. Exit.

We just created a new domain. Please note: later we will create two files named mydomain.com.db and rev.1.1.10.in-addr.arpa files. Also, notice the reverse IP address sequence in the reverse DNS section.

Add the DNS servers from your ISP. You can place the primary and secondary DNS servers here separated by semicolons.

sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options

We need to modify the named.conf global options to allow our internal clients to query the nameserver.

Modify the existing global options block to the following:




acl kunkun-lan { 10.1.1.0/24; 127.0/8; };

options { directory "/var/cache/bind";

allow-query { kunkun-lan; };

forwarders { 202.188.0.133; 202.188.1.5; }; # ISP primary/secondary

forward-only; # Rely completely on ISP for cache misses

};




The acl statement above sets up a range of IP addresses we can reference throughout the named.conf file. The allow-query specifies IP addresses of hosts that can query our nameserver. The forwarders statement tells our nameserver to forward any unresolvable queries to our upstream nameservers. The forward-only statement restricts our nameserver to only rely on our ISP nameservers and not contact other nameservers to find information that our ISP can not provide. It's very rare for a primary and secondary ISP nameserver to be down at the same time but you can comment forward-only if you want your nameserver to try the root nameservers when the upstream ISP nameservers cannot resolve a hostname.

Save file. Exit.

Modify the resolv.conf file found in /etc and place the IP address of our DNS server which is set to 10.1.1.2.

sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf

search kunkun.my

nameserver 10.1.1.2

Define the zones.

sudo mkdir /etc/bind/zones sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/kunkun.my.db

$TTL 3D

@ IN SOA dns.kunkun.my. root.kunkun.my. (

2

28800

3600

604800

38400 );

kunkun.my. IN NS dns.kunkun.my.

web IN A 10.1.1.10

www IN CNAME web.kunkun.my.

dns IN A 10.1.1.2

• The TTL or time to live is set for 3 days
• The dns.kunkun.my nameserver is defined
• An alias of www is assigned to ubuntudesktop using CNAME

Create a “rev.1.1.10.in-addr.arpa” file for reverse lookup.

sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/rev.1.1.10.in-addr.arpa

$TTL 3D

@ IN SOA dns.kunkun.my. root.kunkun.my. (

2

28800

604800

604800

86400 )

IN NS dns.kunkun.my.

10 IN PTR web.kunkun.my.




Restart Bind to activate our latest changes.

sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart




4. Test our new domain and DNS entries.

Dig

dig kunkun.my

dig -x 10.1.1.10

Nslookup

nslookup web

Enjoy ubuntu... ;)